概要

This report uses mapping data to examine the spatial relationships between poverty, livestock production systems, the location of livestock services, in order to ensure that government investments in the livestock sector benefit smallholders and high-poverty locations.

关键发现

While the maps and analyses in this report are primarily designed to demonstrate the value to decision-makers of combining social and livestock-related information, they also support the following conclusions:

  • Maps showing milk surplus and deficit areas can highlight geographic differences in market opportunities for poor dairy farmers and help target knowledge dissemination, market infrastructure investments, and service delivery to dairy farmers.

  • Maps showing animal (and human) disease risk by livestock production system can help target and prioritize areas for intervention. The impact of disease on livestock and their owners differs geographically because the role of livestock in peoples’ livelihoods varies among production systems.

  • 制图贫困，牲畜生产系统以及诸如采集的疾病媒介的分布，可以更好地了解疾病如何影响牲畜所有者，从生计，福利和粮食安全方面。

执行摘要

牲畜代表了乌干达农业，文化和经济的重要组成部分。尽管乌干达的总农产品产量的增长有所下降，但牲畜趋势却大大增加。在2002年至2008年之间，牛，绵羊和山羊的总数增加了一倍以上，猪和鸡的数量分别增长了88％和59％。仅在2008年，牛肉和牛奶的产量都增加了8％。

Livestock are particularly important to the subsistence agriculture on which seven out of ten Ugandans rely for their livelihood. While income from livestock provides only one of many sources of income for rural households, people typically rank livestock as their second or third most important means of livelihood. It is not surprising then that over 70 percent of all households in Uganda owned livestock in 2008. Indeed, smallholders and pastoralists dominate the livestock sector. Farming households with mixed crop and livestock production and pastoralists together own 90 percent of Uganda’s cattle and almost all of the country’s poultry, pigs, sheep, and goats.

乌干达的政策制定者承认，牲畜对家庭收入，国家粮食安全和千年发展目标以及减少就业和减贫的重要性。因此，作为涵盖2010年/11-2014/15的国家发展计划的一部分，政府打算通过增加对改善品种的投资，用于牲畜的水基础设施以及更好地管理Rangeland和Farland资源来增强肉类和乳制品的生产。

理由和方法

确保政府对牲畜部门的投资受益于小农和高产地点，将需要更多的基于证据的地方计划，并在数据，地图和分析中支持。绘制更美好的未来：乌干达的空间分析和贫穷的牲畜策略is intended to address this need. To do so, it compares the latest 2005 poverty maps with maps of livestock data from the 2002 population and housing census and the 2008 national livestock census. Using these data, it examines the spatial relationships between poverty, livestock production systems, the location of livestock services such as dairy cooling plants, and livestock disease hotspots.

By providing illustrative examples of maps that can be developed with these indicators and analyses of what they mean for policy, this report demonstrates how information on the location and severity of poverty can assist livestock sector decision-makers in setting priorities for interventions.

同样，关心减贫的决策者将如何比较给定位置中的贫困水平与牲畜指标地图可以为抵抗贫困的努力提供信息。

该报告旨在针对各种受众，包括牲畜和乳制品部门的分析师和决策者，参与牲畜研究和咨询服务的人员，参与国家规划和预算的官员以及公民社会以及非政府组织。事实是，尽管对乌干达的牲畜部门的知识越来越多，但对牲畜和贫困之间的相互关系知之甚少。有两个因素有助于这一知识差距：（1）迄今为止在乌干达进行的家庭调查尚未设法将家庭收入分为其各种组成部分，因此可以在福利与牲畜在家庭一级的角色之间建立明确的联系。;（2）小型行政区域的国家贫困和牲畜数据直到最近才可用。

The spatial analysis approach taken in this report provides a way forward. It suggests that by integrating more detailed information on livestock distribution, animal husbandry and veterinary service provision, disease incidence, and poverty, planners can more effectively design and target livestock management interventions and policies so that the benefits reach a greater proportion of poor communities and the costs associated with land-use changes or new restrictions on livestock use do not disproportionately affect the poor.

Recommendations

Strengthening the supply of high-quality spatial data and analytical capacity will provide broad returns to future planning and prioritization of livestock sector and poverty reduction efforts. Priority actions to achieve this include:

  • 填补重要的牲畜数据空白，定期更新数据，并继续为小型行政领域提供贫困数据。

  • 通过常规和集中的培训来增强数据整合，映射和分析，从而促进对整个牲畜生产系统的了解。

促进对此类指标和空间分析的需求将需要几个政府机构的领导，包括农业，动物工业和渔业部，财政部，规划和经济发展部，地方政府部以及国家规划局。以下三个领域的行动具有将新地图和分析的供应与特定决策机会联系起来的承诺：

  • Incorporate poverty information in livestock-related interventions and in regular performance reporting for the livestock sector.

  • 将牲畜部门的信息纳入减贫工作中。

  • 将贫穷地图和牲畜生产系统，疾病风险等的地图纳入当地决策。