我们已经达到了德国波恩的气候谈判的中点，谈判者正在努力努力敲定有关一系列问题必威官网是真的吗的详细信息，包括《巴黎协定》中的透明度和问责制要求。代表们知道，如果正确接近，这些透明度和问责制规定可以促进更大的努力来遏制排放并增强气候变化后果的韧性。必威官网是真的吗

在下面，我们分解了为什么对谈判者对巴黎协议的透明度和问责制如此重要，以及有许多理由认为他们会的。

透明度和问责制如何推动气候行动？必威官网是真的吗

去年12月在巴黎举行的历史必威官网是真的吗性气候峰会要求各国比以往任何时候都更加透明其气候行动，并有新的规定使他们负责。普遍要求各国报告其在减少温室气体排放，建立气候弹性以及更好地跟踪其提供或获得的支持方面的进展。必威官网是真的吗《巴黎协定》建立了一个程序，以验证有关气候行动的数据和信息，以及各国为向零碳和气候富裕经济过渡提供支持的方式。必威官网是真的吗该协议还建立了一个委员会，该委员会现在将开发其方式，以促进实施和促进合规性。这些措施将告知各国是否真正将其承诺转变为现场行动，并最终将全球社区兑现了《巴黎协定的承诺》。

《巴黎协定》下的强大透明度和问责制规则也对企业部门也有影响。企业的能力和愿意将财务流向与气候兼容的投资和韧性策略的能力取决于他们在采取严重措施实现其气候目标的自信心。必威官网是真的吗正确，透明度和问责制规则可能会导致验证行动的加强循环，从而在政府，投资者和股东之间建立信心。

国家已经采取了哪些透明度和问责制？

At the UNFCCC climate negotiations in 2010, countries agreed to share information every two years about policies and actions they have in place or plan to undertake to address climate change, based on their national priorities and circumstances. This verification process was differentiated between developed and developing countries resulting in an international consultation and analysis (ICA) of biennial update reports (BUR) for developing countries and an international assessment and review (IAR) of developed countries’ biennial reports (BRs). ICA and IAR consist of two steps: a country-level assessment undertaken by technical experts, followed by an open discussion with their peers about the efforts and progress made. The verification process agreed in Paris builds largely upon this experience.

经过last year, all developed countries had their plans scrutinized by their peers. At this Bonn session, 13发展中国家(including Brazil, South Africa, Singapore and the Republic of Korea) are completing their verification cycle through what is called a“观点的促进分享”（简称FSV）。这是一个非常重要的时刻，因为发展中国家以前从未受到过审查，更不用说在多边环境中进行了审查了。

意见的促进分享采用了一个研讨会的形式，该研讨会由每个国家或一组介绍其报告（BURS）的国家或一组国家组成，随后是其他方面的其他方面的问题和答案。观察者可以参加，但是只有国家代表才能提前提交书面问题并在会议期间分享他们的观点。

Moving from daunting to empowering: How can the transparency framework help developing countries manage?

成功实施《巴黎协定》透明度要求的关键条件是需要足够和可持续的财务支持和能力建设的规定。这将使发展中国家能够显着加强或扩大其努力，以建立强大的国内和国际测量，跟踪，报告和验证系统，以及更强大的国内和监管过程。

好消息是，自巴黎气候谈判以建立这一能力以来，已经建立了各种举措。必威官网是真的吗美国，加拿大和英国已经承诺向3500万加元透明度的能力建设计划（CBIT）, established under the Paris Agreement, through the Global Environment Facility. And the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF), Germany, Italy and the ClimateWorks Foundation have pledged $16 million to the气候动作透明度（ICAT）的倡必威官网是真的吗议，它致力于为世界各地的决策者提供工具和支持，以衡量和评估其气候行动的影响。必威官网是真的吗

为了最有效地增强能力，这些新举措应利用INFCCC主题，UNDCCC培训计划以及现有与透明度有关的计划或合作伙伴关系的课程，经验和工作。

是否有透明度和问责制的机会？

Yes, there are a number of opportunities both inside and outside the formal climate negotiations.

Within the UNFCCC, the design and implementation of the enhanced verification regime under the Paris Agreement can build upon the lessons from the first round of ICA and IAR. For instance, by introducing an intensive and thorough exercise for about 142 countries, the new review process will generate significant demand on the time, human and financial resources of the Secretariat and of governments. The Secretariat has struggled to find trained experts available to support this intensive review exercise. Tapping into the technical expertise and human resources of academics, NGOs and think tanks could help address this challenge.

谈判者可以通过追求：

  • empower citizens and wider stakeholders to participate in the design of national policies and the international verification process;

  • provide better access to information to enable informed engagement and effective evidence-based decisions;

  • 强调各国可持续发展努力的共同利益；和

  • 利用政府，国际组织，企业，城市和其他人的合作计划，以帮助或超越国家气候承诺（例如，任务创新，市长的契约，国际太阳能联盟，非洲可再生能源倡议等）必威官网是真的吗

此外，警察总统可以与公开政府合作伙伴关系（OGP），一个联盟于2011年成立，旨在为国际改革者提供国际平台，致力于使其政府更加开放，负责和对公民的反应。今年12月的OGP全球峰会还提供了一个重要的平台，以促进透明度和公众参与，以解决气候变化的影响。必威官网是真的吗

Opportunities to enhance transparency are also available outside of the UNFCCC. The Financial Stability Board (FSB) established a taskforce in December 2015 aimed at highlighting the companies’ financial exposure to the risks of climate change. The task force is developing a voluntary, industry-led code for investors, insurers, banks and consumers to disclose more public information about the way they manage climate risks. This can help align public and private financial flows with a zero-carbon and climate-resilient trajectory, while also increasing companies’ and investors’ awareness and management of the effects of climate change and climate policy. France is the世界上的第一个国家to require its financial institutions to report the financial risks of their investments and measures adopted to mitigate that risk. Other countries should be inspired to follow their lead.

透明度和问责制很少在国际气候谈判中窃取头条新闻，但他们将在成功实施《巴黎协定》中发挥关键作用。必威官网是真的吗在华盛顿特区最近举行的201必威官网是真的吗6年气候行动峰会上，摩洛哥H.E.王国环境部长Hakima El Haite博士说，未来几个月和几年的主要挑战之一将是维持和增加信任，并加深国家与更广泛的利益相关者之间的合作。信任的先决条件？透明度。