内部人士：修复诊断可以帮助将承诺付诸实践
SinceCOP21in Paris this past December, countries around the globe have committed to bring more than 85 million hectares of degraded land into restoration by 2020. In Latin America and the Caribbean, nearly 28 million hectares have been committed toInitiative 20x20自2014年12月推出以来 - 迅速超过了2000万公顷的目标。在非洲，自推出以来，有13个国家承诺了4100万公顷AFR100at COP21 – approaching half of the goal of 100 million hectares committed by 2030.
因此，当涉及恢复时，我们现在的问题不再是什么，为什么或在哪里，而是如何呢？
什么是森林景观恢复？
通过“森林景观恢复”，我们的意思是恢复生态功能并增强人类福祉或退化森林景观的人类福祉的长期过程。它是关于“森林”的，因为它涉及增加该地区树木的数量和/或健康。它是关于“景观”的，因为它涉及整个流域，司法管辖区，甚至许多土地使用相互作用的国家。它是关于“恢复”的，因为它涉及恢复该地区的生物生产力，以便为人民和地球带来任何利益。其中一些benefits包括改善土壤生育能力和粮食安全，自然森林保护的增加，减轻气候变化，保护生物多样性，创造绿色工作等等。必威官网是真的吗
正是由于这个问题，WRI发展了The Restoration Diagnostic。The Diagnostic is a structured method for identifying which key success factors (KSFs) for restoration are already in place, which are partially in place, and which are missing within a country or landscape that has restoration opportunities. When applied prior to a restoration effort, the Diagnostic can help decision-makers and restoration supporters focus their efforts on the most important factors to get in placebefore投资大量人力，金融或政治资本。一旦进行修复工作，每隔几年定期应用一次，诊断可以帮助实施者调整和完善其政策和实践，以作为适应性管理的手段。
Learning from Real-World Examples
来自世界各地的森林景观恢复历史提供了有关什么作用和无效的见解。这些见解可以告知未来修复计划的设计和执行，从而增加了成功的可能性。认识到历史的教训，我们发现并审查了来自世界各地的16个森林景观恢复案例研究。这些案例研究涵盖了五大洲的发展和发展中国家。有些人始于近几十年来，而另一些开始了一个多世纪以前。有些人占数百万公顷，而另一些公顷仅占几千。
Through analysis of these case examples and available literature on the history of restoration, we identified a suite of KSFs that when present―either already present naturally or because people had taken steps to make them present―increase the likelihood that restoration will successfully occur. However, no case example exhibited every single KSF.
成功修复所需的3个主题
Three common themes emerged from our analysis:
- 明确的动机。
- 实现条件。
- Capacity and resources for sustained implementation.
决策者，土地所有者和/或公民受到启发或动机，以恢复景观的森林和树木。例如，在诸如South Korea，，，，越南和美国公民和政府被激励恢复森林景观，以防止土壤侵蚀，缓冲潮汐潮流并弥补木材短缺。
A sufficient number of ecological, market, policy, social and/or institutional conditions were in place that created a favorable context for forest landscape restoration. For example, in the新英格兰region of the United States, as well as in thePanama Canal watershed，，，，ecological and social conditions were ripe due to an abundance of tree species and seeds, as well as diverse actors who came together around a common concern about potential water scarcity and watershed deforestation.
存在能力和资源，并被动员起来以持续的地面实施森林景观恢复。例如，与世界银行合作Chinese governmentcreated a restoration plan that included both technical design and capacity development, and inEthiopia，世界宣明会和世界银行的生物碳基金提供了财务和技术支持，以恢复Humbo地区的本地植被。
这些主题有助于塑造诊断和恢复诊断评估工具，一种基于Excel的工具，可帮助决策者，经理和分析师应用诊断。通过使用诊断利益相关者可以识别其景观中存在哪些关键成功因素，这些因素部分存在于适当的位置，哪些不存在。
This in turn helps stakeholders identify which policies, practices and incentives are needed to trigger restoration at scale. For example, see a completed Diagnostic for Rwanda below.
参与其中
This tool, as well as an overview of the Restoration Diagnostic itself, will be showcased online via webinar in the coming months. Aimed to help those who will apply the Diagnostic to candidate areas for forest landscape restoration, this webinar will go into a deep dive on how to use the tool and Diagnostic, as well as leave ample time for questions and answers based on real world examples.